A cognizable case means a case in which a police officer may arrest without warrant, in accordance with the First Schedule of Cr.P.C. (1973), or under any other law for the time being in force.
Whereas, non-cognizable offence means in which a police officer has no authority to arrest without warrant.
If the documents or purse or mobile is lost, it should be reported to the police, so that it may not be mutualized. Even this report is required to get the document to be issued again. Police do not register an FIR for the goods lost. If these documents or purse or mobile are snatched or looted, then the FIR is registered, but if it is lost or misplaced the police issue an NCR (Non-Cognizable Report). If the documents or mobile are misused you may save yourself through this NCR.
Cognizable offence is a serious offence while the non- cognizable offence is of ordinary nature. In case of non-cognizable offence, police register a DD and inform the court about it. If after investigation, police is unable to solve the case, the police send an untraceable report to the court, but police solve the case and goods are recovered, the goods are returned to the complainant on the basis of NCR/DDR.